SOLUCIÓN DE ECUACIONES EN TIEMPO REAL PARA SISTEMAS FÍSICOS (REAL-TIME EQUATION SOLUTION FOR PHYSICAL SYSTEMS)

ResumenEn este documento se muestra el desarrollo de un sistema térmico de primer orden programado en un sistema embebido MyRIO de National Instruments que puede manejar tiempo real. Se muestra la obtención del modelo dinámico del sistema y su solución usando métodos numéricos, específicamente el método de Euler hacía adelante, con la finalidad de obtener la repuesta en tiempo real de este tipo de sistemas físicos frecuentemente usados en la teoría de control.Se muestra la programación del método numérico y los resultados obtenidos son comparados contra la solución obtenida usando Simulink de MATLAB. Con estos resultados se comprueba que el comportamiento encontrado por la planta simulada en tiempo real es prácticamente la misma que la obtenida por otros métodos, llegando al mismo valor en el tiempo establecido en las simulaciones. Palabra(s) Clave: Control, Sistema, Función de transferencia, tiempo real. AbstractThis document shows the development of the first order thermal system programmed in a National Instruments MyRio embedded system that can handle real time. It shows the obtaining of the dynamic model of the system and its solution using numerical methods, specifically the method of Euler made forward, in order to obtain the real-time response of this type of systems physically used in control theory.The programming of the method is shown and the results obtained are compared against the solution obtained using MATLAB Simulink. With these results it is verified that the behavior found by the simulated plant in real time is really the same as obtaining other methods, reaching the same value in the time established in the simulations.Keyword (s): Control, System, Transfer function, real tim

Potential Energy savings in compressed air systems in industrialized cities. A case study in Barranquilla and Cartagena

The increase of energy consumption, global warming, resource depletion and the rise of policies focused on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions reductions, have promoted to countries and industries the implementation of strategies focused on increase energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. Compressed Air Systems (CASs) are one of the most widespread systems used in industry. In countries such as China, USA, Australia, France and Italy, CASs accounts around 10% of the overall electricity costs. In Colombia the energy used in the industrial sector, rise the 33 % of the total energy consumption, equal to 481.429 TJ/year; the electricity consumption is a 13 % of this value, equivalent to 13,3 TWh/year. This paper determine the potentials energy saving of CASs for two industrial cities of the Colombian Caribbean Coast region, showing that there is a high energy saving potential, around 50 GWh/year and a reduction of CO2 emissions of 10,702 tons of CO2/year, which can be taken in consideration by the government and organizations to develop projects focused on reduce energy consumption and mitigate CO2 emissions

Potential energy savings and co2 emissions reduction in colombia compressed air systems

Compressed air (CA) is one of the most common systems used in industry. In countries such as Australia, Italia, France, China and USA, energy consumption of CA systems (CASs) contributes about to 10% of the total electricity consumption in industry. In Colombia, this value reaches 8%, highlighting the textile industry, with a 24% of consumption. Despite of all its advantages, CA is expensive, between 10 and 30% of consumed energy reaches the end-use point. Improvements to CASs can achieve between 20 and 60% of energy savings, with pay-back periods lower than two years. These are the reasons that they can be considered as one of the main targetsystems while planning energy efficiency actions in industry. Colombia through different strategies has proposed to implement a group of measures to improve energy efficiency and reduce electricity consumption to 2021 around 7%. Implementation of good practices in CASs is one of them. This paper is showed the share cost, electricity consumption and the savings potential of the CASs in the different divisions of the Colombian manufacturing sector, the main sectors to be involved as well as the potential savings and reduction of dioxide carbon emissions

Effects of turbulization on the disc pump performance

Disc pumps are used for difficult pumping applications, such as, pumping of high suspension solids and abrasives, viscous fluids, air entrained and shear sensitive fluids. The pumping mechanism, based on the boundary layer effect and the viscous drag minimizes the contact between the pump and the fluid reducing the wear level; but the pumping mechanism itself makes its efficiency low in comparison with other pumps for similar applications. This research aims to increase the performance of this pump developing a new experimental study based on the turbulization of flow by the placement of turbulizers in the interdisc channel output. The variables involved are the angular velocity (x) and the cross section shape of the turbulizers. Eight impellers were constructed and evaluated using as cross section shape of turbulizers: the triangular, circular, and square. The experimental results show that the creation of circulatory currents, according to the Kutta-Johkovsky theorem, contributes to the increase the efficiency and the head of the disc pump and the square cross section shape of the turbulizers offers the best results

PROCESAMIENTO DE IMÁGENES PARA USO EN MÁQUINA DE CORTE Y GRABADO LÁSER USANDO LABVIEW (IMAGE PROCESSING FOR USE IN CUTTING MACHINE AND LASER ENGRAVING USING LABVIEW)

Las máquinas de Control Numérico por Computadora (CNC), han ayudado a maximizar los recursos  de las industrias, permitiendo la optimización de procesos. El corte y grabado por láser es uno de los procesos que más ha sido beneficiado de la tecnología CNC. Comúnmente se recurre a herramientas de Diseño Asistido por Computadora (CAD, por sus siglas en inglés) para poder realizar este proceso, las cuales no siempre pueden ser adquiridas por las pequeñas y medianas empresas. En este artículo, se propone el desarrollo de un módulo de software que permite obtener información para realizar el corte y grabado láser de una imagen en formatos típicos como .bmp, .jpg o .gif, con lo que no se requieren herramientas CAD. Otro módulo desarrollado realiza la interpretación y comunicación entre una PC y la máquina de corte láser. Se muestran resultados tanto del grabado como del corte utilizando estos módulos.Palabra(s) Clave: Control Numérico por Computadora, Diseño Asistido por Computadora y LabVIEW. AbstractComputer Numerical Control (CNC) machines have helped to maximize the resources of the industries, allowing the optimization of processes. Cutting and engraving by the laser are one of the processes that have been most benefited from CNC technology. Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools are used to carry out this process, such tools cannot always be acquired by small and medium-sized companies. This article proposes the development of a software module that allows obtaining information to perform laser cutting and engraving of an image in typical formats such as .bmp, .jpg or .gif, making CAD tools unnecessary. Another developed module performs the interpretation and communication between a PC and the laser cutting machine. Both engraving and cutting results are shown using these modules.Keywords: Computer Numerical Control, Computer Aided Design and LabVIEW

A mho type phase comparator relay guideline using phase comparison technique for a power system

This paper presents a mho distance relay simulation based on the phase comparison technique using a typical electrical power systems analysis software for two cases: when the operation state is close to the static voltage limit and during a dynamic perturbation in the system. The paper evaluates the impedance variations caused by complex voltage values, the mho polarization, and the comparator operating region into the complex plane. In addition, the paper found the information for the dynamic perturbations from the outputs considering a mid-term stability program. The simulation of the mho-phase comparator in the static voltage proximity limit detects unit distance elements with impedance measured close to reach the threshold in the steady-state. Dynamic mho simulations in the complex plane are successfully tested by plotting time phase difference curves on the comparator input signals. Relay programmers can use these curves to analyze other phase comparators applications and the corresponding models in the complex plane

Energy savings measures in compressed air systems

Compressed air is one of the most widely used application energies in the industry, such as good transportability, safety, purity, cleanliness, storage capacity and ease of use. In many countries, compressed air systems account for approximately 10% of the industry’s total electricity consumption. Despite all its advantages, compressed air is expensive, only between 10% and 30% of the energy consumed reaches the point of final use. Energy is lost as heat, leaks, pressure drop, misuse, among others. Energy efficiency measures such as: reducing compressor pressure, lowering air inlet temperature, adequate storage capacity, recovering residual heat from the air compressor and reducing leakage, can produce energy savings between 20% and 60%, with an average return on investment lower than 2 years. This paper analyzes the main energy efficiency measures that can be applied in the CASs, the potential energy savings, implementation costs and return rate of each of them are being calculated giving a necessary tool for companies in their objectives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption

ESTUDIO DE LOS METODOS DE SOLUCIÓN PARA SIMULACIÓN EN TIEMPO REAL DE CONVERTIDORES DE POTENCIA. (STUDY OF SOLUTION METHODS FOR REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF POWER CONVERTERS)

ResumenEn el presente artículo se muestra el estudio de las técnicas de modelado más utilizadas en la literatura para realizar simulación en tiempo real y su posible posterior uso en un sistema Hardware In the Loop (HIL), aplicado a convertidores de electrónica de potencia.Se explican a detalle cada uno de los métodos más utilizados y la forma de encontrar las ecuaciones asociados a ellos para su posterior programación.Como caso de estudio se seleccionó el convertidor reductor síncrono, mostrando a detalle la solución de este circuito por la técnica de espacio de estados y análisis nodal modificado.Los resultados obtenidos utilizando las técnicas son comparados contra un convertidor simulado en el conocido y aceptado software PSIM.Palabra(s) Clave: Análisis Nodal Modificado (MNA), Espacio de estados, Hardware in the loop (HIL), Modelado, Simulación en tiempo real. AbstractThis article shows the study of the most commonly used modeling techniques in the literature to perform real-time simulation and its possible subsequent use in a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) system, applied to power electronics converters.Each of the most used methods and how to find the equations associated with them for further programming are explained in detail.As a case study, the synchronous buck converter was selected, showing in detail the solution of this circuit by the state space technique and modified nodal analysis.The results obtained using the techniques are compared against a simulated converter in the well-known and accepted PSIM software.Keywords: Hardware in the loop (HIL), Modeling, Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA), Real Time Simulation, State Space

La educación en valores profesionales en la Filial de Tecnología de la Salud Simón Bolívar

Introduction: values are formed in the process of socialization under the influence of several factors (family, school, mass media, political, social, religious, etc). Integrating values intentionally and consciously to learning not only means thinking of the content as knowledge and skills, but of their relationship as values. Objective: to evaluate professional values education in Simón Bolívar Health Technology School of Pinar del Río. Material and Method: in a pedagogical qualitative study, theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as the historical and logical and the systemic-structural, and paper research for the theoretical analysis. Results: professional values education of students in health technology is a challenge for teachers, which should enhance interdisciplinarity from the teacher educational process, student-centered, achieving consistent integration of all educational components, being the very important method in energizing the process. Conclusions: it is a need to develop an integrated education, which means the integration of all school processes towards values training and development: in academic, labor and research, also in the curricular aspect, and the extracurricular and school life in general. Professional values education is refreshing, revolutionary, lively, allowing transition to a better future.Introducción: los valores se forman en el proceso de socialización bajo la influencia de diversos factores (familia, escuela, medios masivos de comunicación, organizaciones políticas, sociales, religiosas, etc.). Integrar los valores al aprendizaje de manera intencionada y consciente significa no sólo pensar en el contenido como conocimientos y habilidades, sino en la relación que ellos poseen con los valores.Objetivo: valorar la educación en valores profesionales de los estudiantes de Tecnología de la Salud de la Filial Simón Bolívar de Pinar del Río.Material y método: en el estudio cualitativo de corte pedagógico, se usaron métodos teóricos y empíricos tales como el histórico-lógico y el sistémico- estructural, y la revisión documental para el análisis teórico.   Resultados: la educación en valores profesionales de los estudiantes de tecnología de la salud es un reto para los profesores, que deben potenciar la interdisciplinariedad desde el propio proceso docente educativo, centrado en los estudiantes, logrando integración coherente de todos los componentes didácticos, siendo el método muy  importante en la dinamización del proceso.Conclusiones: constituye una necesidad el desarrollo de una educación integrada, que significa la integración de todos los procesos universitarios hacia la formación y el desarrollo de los valores: en lo académico, lo laboral y lo investigativo; también en el aspecto curricular, el extracurricular y la vida universitaria en general.   La educación en valores profesionales es renovadora, revolucionaria, para la vida, que permite transitar hacia un futuro mejor